Ly Thai To and the Historic Move of Vietnam’s Capital to Thang Long

Introduction

Ly Thai To, born Ly Cong Uan in 974, was the founder of the Ly Dynasty and ruled Dai Viet from 1009 to 1028. One of his most significant decisions was relocating the capital from Hoa Lu (modern-day Ninh Binh) to Dai La, renaming it Thang Long — now known as Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. This move had profound political, economic, and cultural impacts that shaped Vietnamese history.

Why Ly Thai To Moved the Capital

Hoa Lu, surrounded by mountains, was strategically defensible but limited in terms of development. Ly Thai To recognized the need for a more central, fertile, and accessible location for governance and trade.

In his famous document, Chieu doi do (Edict on the Relocation of the Capital), he wrote:

“The Dai La Citadel is in the center of the country, between East and West, North and South. The land is vast, flat, elevated, and bright… among all places in Viet, this is the best.”

This decision reflects his vision for a long-lasting and prosperous nation.

The Symbolism of Thang Long

When Ly Thai To arrived at Dai La, a golden dragon was said to have appeared in the sky — a symbol of prosperity. Inspired by this omen, he renamed the city Thang Long, which means “Rising Dragon”.

This symbolic gesture reinforced the legitimacy of his dynasty and inspired pride and unity among the people.

Ly Thai To Statue at Hoan Kiem Lake

Today, visitors to Hanoi can see a statue of Ly Thai To at Hoan Kiem Lake, one of the city’s most iconic landmarks. The statue depicts the emperor holding the Chieu Doi Do (Edict on the Relocation of the Capital), symbolizing his visionary leadership and the historic decision to move the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, renamed Thang Long.

The statue serves as a living reminder of Hanoi’s origins, connecting modern-day city life with its rich historical past. Both locals and tourists visit the statue to honor Ly Thai To’s legacy and reflect on the cultural and political significance of his decision more than 1,000 years ago.

The Lasting Impact of the Capital Move

The relocation transformed Thang Long into a political, economic, and cultural hub. Over centuries, it remained Vietnam’s capital, preserving historical values and cultural heritage from the Ly Dynasty. Today, Hanoi continues to honor this legacy, blending ancient traditions with modern growth.

Conclusion

Ly Thai To’s decision to move the capital was both strategic and visionary. It ensured better governance, economic growth, and laid the foundation for the vibrant city of Hanoi that stands today. The story of Thang Long, the “Rising Dragon,” continues to inspire pride in Vietnamese history and culture.

images: collected

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